本文系Food Science and Human Wellness原创编译,欢迎分享,转载请授权。Introduction根据世界卫生组织统计,2020年女性新诊断乳癌病例占癌症的11.7%,该人数已超过了男性与女性新诊断肺癌病例的总和(11.4%)。其中,人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)阳性(HER2+)乳癌患者约占所有乳癌患者族群总数的14-30%。曲妥珠单抗(Trastuzumab)是临床治疗HER2+乳癌患者的重要标靶药物之一。大约70%的HER2+乳癌患者在初始治疗中对于曲妥珠单抗治疗反应良好。然而,由于抗药性机制的发展,15%~20%的病例在治疗一年内复发并产生抗药性。t-DARPP(Truncated isoform of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein)是DARPP-32(Dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein)蛋白的截短异构物。过去的研究证实DARPP-32和t-DARPP在乳、肺部等多种肿瘤组织中过度表达,该蛋白透过促进癌细胞的增殖和迁移。先前的研究表明,t-DARPP蛋白在曲妥珠单抗抗药性细胞系中过度表达,导致癌细胞对抗癌药物的敏感性降低。尽管目前t-DARPP蛋白已被证实与曲妥珠单抗抗药性机制有关,但目前尚无良好的应对抗药性策略。此外,t-DARPP蛋白的高表达是否可以作为潜在抗药性的生物标记来估计接受曲妥珠单抗治疗的患者的预后并提出相应的治疗方法仍有待明确。槲皮素(Quercetin)是一种类黄酮,存在于蔬菜、水果和饮料中,如洋葱、苹果、绿花椰菜、莓果、柑橘、茶和红酒。黄酮类化合物具有抗氧化和抗发炎作用,可以预防多种疾病的形成。先前研究发现槲皮素可以透过影响细胞增殖讯号通路来预防癌症进展,然而缺乏癌症患者治疗的数据,因此研究槲皮素的临床治疗潜力具有重要意义。本研究首次证实槲皮素处理HER2+乳癌细胞系可有效抑t-DARPP蛋白的表达。这些发现也假设t-DARPP蛋白作为癌症患者预后的预测生物标记的潜力以及槲皮素作为改善HER2+乳癌对于曲妥珠单抗抗药性的可行性。Results and Discussiont-DARPP、DARPP-32在HER2+乳癌病患肿瘤中大量表现分别利用Real-time PCR与IHC染色检测DARPP-32与t-DARPP在不同型态之乳癌肿瘤中的表现。Real-time PCR检测配对乳腺正常组织(绿线)与肿瘤组织(红线)中DARPP-32家族(DARPP-32/t-DARPP)mRNA表现(n=156)。从结果发现,DARPP-32家族之mRNA表现在整体乳癌中并未与周边正常组织有明显差异。进一步分析发现相较于三阴性乳癌与管状(Luminal)乳癌,HER2+乳癌肿瘤之DARPP-32家族mRNA有较高的表现。同样的结果也显示在IHC染色检测之肿瘤组织中DARPP-32家族蛋白表现。图1 在HER2+ BC细胞中检测到DARPP-32和t-DARPP过表达t-DARPP和p95-HER2之间的相互作用可以作为分子标记来确定曲妥珠单抗治疗乳癌肿瘤的疗效实验室建立两株人源性肿瘤异种移植(PDX)模型,分别为具曲妥珠单抗药物耐受性(Model 1)与曲妥珠单抗药物敏感性之PDX模型。如图2,两种PDX(n=3)模型再植入NSG小鼠后分别以20 mg/kg曲妥珠单抗治疗,根据肿瘤大小计算肿瘤生长曲线。图右侧是牺牲小鼠后采集的肿瘤。进一步用曲妥珠单抗或PBS处理的小鼠组别中采集的PDX肿瘤组织以t-DARPP和p95-HER2专一性抗体进行荧光染色,以FRET实验证实t-DARPP与PDX-M1肿瘤组织中的p95-HER2蛋白有显著的交互作用。而在西方墨点法实验中显示t-DARPP在Model 1中表达并诱导p95-HER2活化,但在Model 2中没也观察到此现象。这结果显示t-DARPP和p95-HER2之间的交互作用决定了乳癌肿瘤对曲妥珠单抗治疗的疗效。因此,它可能作为曲妥珠单抗治疗前HER2+ BC患者预后的重要指标。图2 t-DARPP和p95-HER2之间的相互作用参与了HER2+ BC细胞的曲妥珠单抗耐药槲皮素可以透过抑制t-DARPP蛋白的表达来增加HER2+乳癌细胞对曲妥珠单抗治疗的敏感性。用槲皮素(0~25 μmol/L,48 h)处理BT-474(野生)细胞,西方墨点法证实了其对t-DARPP蛋白的抑制作用。结果显示,随着槲皮素剂量的增加,t-DARPP蛋白受到剂量依赖性的抑制。相反,凋亡蛋白Cleaved caspase-3会随剂量增加。进一步厘清槲皮素可以透过靶向HER2+乳癌细胞中的t-DARPP 来增强曲妥珠单抗治疗的疗效,在BT-474中联合治疗25 μmol/L槲皮素和10 μg/mL曲妥珠单抗以证实上述假设。与单独使用槲皮素或曲妥珠单抗处理的细胞相比,结果显示共同治疗组对细胞生长有更好的抑制作用。图3 槲皮素诱导的G2/M细胞周期阻滞通过靶向t-DARPP在HER2+ BC细胞中增强曲妥珠单抗诱导的细胞毒性疗效ConclusionHER2+乳癌患者在接受曲妥珠单抗治疗后往往会产生抗药性,导致治疗失败。针对此类临床非医疗需求,本研究发现乳癌PDX肿瘤组织中t-DARPP与HER2蛋白之间的相互作用可以作为分子标记来识别曲妥珠单抗治疗的反应者。此外,研究发现槲皮素是一种新型辅助标靶治疗药物,有潜力用于临床乳癌患者,透过抑制HER2+乳癌细胞中t-DARPP的表达,使曲妥珠单抗治疗更加敏感。本研究为针对t-DARPP的曲妥珠单抗治疗后抗药性 HER2+乳癌患者提供了新的治疗方向架构。/第一作者/张瀚升,理学硕士,目前就读于中国医药大学生物科技学系博士班。主要研究方向为乳癌之肿瘤抗药性探讨。/通信作者/陈莉菁,目前任教于中国医药大学生物科技系助理教授。研究专长为癌靶向分子临床意义与相关机制,抗癌药物开发,活体液态于乳癌治疗疗效、抗药性评估、天然物临床药物辅助。何元顺博士,中国医药大学生物化学暨分子生物研究所特聘教授。研究专长为癌症生物学与抗癌药物研发。近5年来于13篇天然化合物抑制治疗乳癌潜力之探讨与乳癌相关分子机制之期刊中担任通讯作者。近年来亦在多项科研计划中担任主持人或是共同主持人。Quercetin inhibits truncated isoform of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein as adjuvant treatment for trastuzumab therapy resistance in HER2-positive breast cancerHan-Sheng Changa,1, Tzu-Chun Chengb,1, Shih-Hsin Tuc,d,1, Chih-Hsiung Wuc,1, You-Cheng Liaoe, Jungshan Change, Min-Hsiung Panf, Li-Ching Chena,*, Yuan-Soon Hob,*a Department of Biological Science &Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan, Chinab Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan, Chinac Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Chinad Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Chinae Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Chinaf Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, China1 Both authors contributed equally.*Corresponding author.AbstractTrastuzumab resistance is one of the causes of poor prognosis in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC). The truncated isoform of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (t-DARPP) has been reported to be involved in trastuzumab therapy resistance and promoting tumor progression. To evaluate the t-DARPP expression in BC, paired tumors and surrounding normal tissues were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and confirmed higher DARPP-32 kDa family mRNA expression in HER2+ BC tumor tissues. We established 2 patient-derived xenografts (PDX) mice models to test the efficacy of trastuzumab, named model 1 (non-responder) and model 2 (responder). t-DARPP and p95-HER2 protein-protein interactions were detected in PDX tumor tissue from non-responders using Förster resonance energy transfer assays. Instead, there is no response from the responder. Furthermore, mechanistic studies using transwell and western blot assays demonstrated that t-DARPP could upregulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling proteins, enhance p95-HER2 expression and promote cell migration. We found that quercetin effectively reduced t-DARPP expression in HER2+ BC cells. In t-DARPP ShRNA-suppressed cells, quercetin synergistically enhanced trastuzumab-induced apoptotic cell death and G2/M phase arrest. In conclusion, the combination of quercetin and trastuzumab treatment by targeting t-DARPP in HER2+ BC patients has the potential as a biomarker for mitigating drug resistance.Reference:CHANG H S, CHENG T C, TU S H, et al. Quercetin inhibits truncated isoform of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein as adjuvant treatment for trastuzumab therapy resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer[J]. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2024, 13(5): 2653-2667. DOI:10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250213.本文编译内容由作者提供编辑:梁安琪;责任编辑:孙勇封面图片来源:图虫创意 特别声明:以上内容(如有图片或视频亦包括在内)为自媒体平台“号”用户上传并发布,本平台仅提供信息存储服务。 |